How is the internal electrical wiring of a house assembled?

The structures consist of Interior The various independent circuits of the house consist of several parts, starting with the small automatic interlock switches (PIA) and the general control and protection panel .

Local internal structure configuration

Independent circles

Independent circuits for a home are a set of electrical circuits that make up the internal internal structure , which power the various installed receivers ( lighting points and power outlets ( sockets )).

All circuits are individually protected by their corresponding PIA . Additionally , with an extra security mechanism , IG generally protects all circuits in the house .

Internal wiring , i.e., internal installation

All independent circuits in a house are powered by two conductors ( phase and neutral) carrying low- voltage , single- phase alternating current . A conductor is added to connect them to the building's grounding system . These conductors are made of copper with plastic insulation .

The phase conductor is the active conductor that carries the current from the electrical panel to the various light points and power outlets in the installation . The insulation can be brown , black , or gray .
The neutral conductor is the return conductor that closes the circuit, allowing current to flow back from light points and sockets . The insulation is always blue .
Ground conductor : A conductor that does not normally carry current when the circuit is functioning correctly . It is connected to the building's grounding system and serves to displace any potential leaks or current diverted towards the ground electrodes . Its insulation is yellow and green in color .

The conductors for each independent circuit start from its corresponding PIA in the electrical panel , and run through the house located inside corrugated PVC pipes embedded in the wall .

Power is supplied to each receiver ( light points and sockets ) by bypassing the main conductors of the independent circuit , through junction boxes . Junction boxes ( junction boxes ) are plastic boxes where electrical cable connections and connections are made . For proper connection , terminal strips or connectors must be used .

Home electrical levels

The electrical capacity of a house refers to the electrical load that the internal installation of the house must support . For example , the electrical load that the electrical installation of a 200 square meter villa must bear will be much greater than that which must be supported in a 50 square meter studio ( fewer rooms , fewer light points , fewer sockets , fewer electrical appliances , etc. ).

Depending on the type of house, two different electrical ratings are determined . Each electrical rating specifies the minimum power that the installation must support at 230 volts , as well as the independent circuits that must be available in the installation .

Basic electrical grade .
High degree of electricity .

Note : The electricity rating is calculated by adding the power of all receiving elements in the house, and applying a 40% reduction (since not all electrical appliances will be used at the same time ).

Electrical installation diagrams

To represent local internal installation , 3 types of diagrams can be used :

Topographic map : representation of the stabilization perspective .
Multi- wire diagram : The lines represent all the conductors that are involved in the circuit to be displayed .
Single- line diagram : Represents the circuit with a single line showing the number of conductors it comprises as intersecting bars . Use your own symbols .

The most commonly used representation system is the single- line diagram , because it is simpler and simplifies drawing electrical installations in housing diagrams .

Basic circuits of internal internal structure

In the next section , the most common electrical installations in the home will be reviewed :

A simple light fixture with a switch . A bulb that turns on and off with a switch .

Press the bell button . Install a push - button doorbell ( typical for residential entrance halls ) .

A light fixture with two switches . It's an electric lamp that can be turned on and off discreetly using two switches . It 's a typical fixture found in hallways , bedrooms , etc.

A point light with a low beam . The circuit consists of a lamp that can be inconspicuously switched on and off from three points in different locations . A crossover switch is required to set up this circuit .

Power suppliers . Electrical installations to supply power outlets , to which any electrical device can be connected .