How do you insulate roofs?

What is roof insulation?

Roof insulation is a way to prevent heat loss, and contrary to popular belief, it's not only important in winter; it keeps the house cool in summer and warm in winter. Insulation also reduces harmful emissions and lowers our energy consumption.

Insulation lasts a very long time, making it essential for maintaining your home's condition. Insulation relies on three main principles: radiation, conduction, and convection. Conduction is simple and straightforward; it's the transfer of heat from one place to another through materials. Convection is based on the principle that warm air rises while cooler air remains at the bottom, and it moves through liquids and gases. Finally, radiation is the transfer of heat through solids to warm them.

Insulating materials reduces heat emission by minimizing the absorption of thermal radiation. In summer, heating is replaced by cooling, while in winter, the opposite occurs.

How are roofs insulated?

When you insulate your home, you prevent one of the most common problems: roof burns caused by intense sunlight penetrating the ceiling. As for how to do it, there are many options for roof insulation. The method used depends on the home's specific needs and the areas requiring insulation.

Some types of insulation, such as blankets and liquid foam, can be installed by homeowners, while others require professional roof insulation specialists. Complete insulation is the most common type, consisting of flexible fibers, natural fibers, plastic fibers, and other materials.

The tiles are laid over the roof, but with wooden spacers underneath. Metal roofs require a barrier underneath to prevent radiant heat from entering. The metal roof is installed over the barrier.

Floors can be insulated before final finishing by placing insulation panels.

What are the most common insulating materials?

1. Cellulose:

Cellulose is a material made from recycled paper, such as newsprint. Recycled paper makes up about 85% of the cellulose content.

Cellulose is manufactured by breaking down paper into very small pieces, which are then converted into fibers that are placed in specific locations such as cavities in walls and ceilings. Cellulose prevents airflow and often contains ammonium sulfate, which is known for its fire resistance.

Cellulose is the cheapest insulation material.

2. Polyurethane:

Polyurethane is a foam material whose pores and cells are filled with a low-conductivity gas. This foam exists in two forms: closed-cell and open-cell. The high-density cells are sealed and filled with gas, which expands the foam by filling the pores and spaces around the gas. The open cells are not filled with air and have a low density, giving the insulation material a spongy feel.

Open cells often evaporate and are replaced by air due to their decreasing density and quality over time.

3. Urea-formaldehyde foam:

This foam was one of the first insulation materials used in homes, but its use was later banned due to the emission of some toxic substances such as formaldehyde.

4. Vermiculite and perlite:

In 1950, vermiculite and perlite were discovered and used as insulation materials in homes. They are no longer widely used due to their asbestos content.

Insulation is often applied to the inside or outside of roofs, exterior walls, or floors. To get the best possible insulation, it's recommended to consult a professional insulation installer.